Natural Selection: Allele Frequency Over Time

Hardy-Weinberg assumes no selection. Turn selection on and watch the allele frequency p (of allele A) drift away from equilibrium, generation by generation.

—— allele frequency p of A

generation 0 (dashed)   solid = final generation

0.30
0.40
60

Try: set s = 0 — the line stays flat (Hardy-Weinberg). Now raise s under Stabilizing from a start of p = 0.30 and watch p climb toward 0.5: heterozygote advantage keeps BOTH alleles, the opposite of fixation.